You're feelings of guilt have nothing to do with externally imposed punishment. Everybody is going to react differently. Since will feel tremendous guilt and some won't. Even if they do, some will handle it well and some won't. It's not an effective way to mete out punishment.

The world is senseless enough already. (I believe) the best we can do as humans is to try to make it a little more fair, which means connecting negative effects to negative causes. And when we do the opposite, we build systems that sow chaos. To that end, I have to say I'm actually philosophically offended by your suggestion.