Mobileye claims more than that. See their promotional video on rear-end collision avoidance. [1] See them displaying distance to target. You can buy this as a smartphone app (!), or as a retrofit.[2]
Here's a long theory talk by Mobileye's CTO and co-founder.[3]
Obviously, they are working on interpreting camera data to 3D and they are not finished yet. They did specifically state that their software isn't ready to detect the crossing semi trailer. (Not until 2018)
I'm highly skeptical that they'll ever be able to differentiate extremely similar targets, at distance, with a relatively cheap camera, working in the visible spectrum. I'd love to hear their tricks to getting that to work. In the meantime, people creating actual driverless cars are using LiDAR for a reason. 20Hz, full 360 degree view with a real range to target measurement, not an algorithmic estimate.
Here's a long theory talk by Mobileye's CTO and co-founder.[3]
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXpiyLUEOOY
[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL-gatAmwhw
[3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZa9SlMHhQc